Name: - Gohel Daya b
Roll No: - 3
SEM: - 3
Title:-A selected term of commonwealth literature.
Paper No:-
Email Id: - dayagohil47@gmail.com
Submitted To: - Department of English
Maharaja krishnakumarsingh University Bhavnagar.
Commonwealth literature.
The invited to speak at the 1983 in English studies seminar in Cambridge. The lady from the british council offered a few ward in writing thenreasurance. It is all the right. The purpose of our seminar the English studies are taken to include the commonwealth literature.
At that all other times the one was the forced to conclude. They are two would be kept the strictly apart from the like squabbling the children.
The sexually incomputable pandas. The perhaps like the unstable, fissile materials the union might the cause of the explosions.
The few weeks later of the literature don – a specialist ought the English literature a friendly and perspective man. As a commonwealth literature a writer.
He suggest the probably find the kind of liberty. it they certain the advantages in the occupying do the position to the periphery?
In the same issue in interviews with the Shiva Naipaul the Canadian and Buchi Emecheta is a African in your self the intview. The admitted the begun to the find the strange of the term. The commonwealth literature is unhelpful. The little distasteful the strange of the interested to read that in an interview.
Both are the Shiva Naipaul and Buchi Emecheta in their own ways. Much the same thing. The three interviews appeared the there for the headlines on the writing.
“Commonwealth writers…… but don’t call them that!”
This point is the commonwealth was the becoming the unpopular with you.
The school of literature suppose to the member deny vehemently. They belong to it the Denials are simply the disregarded. A invite to conference about the animal thought the better go along to take a closer look it.
Conference was beautifully organized
Packed with the erudite and sophisticated the length about the spirit. The new spirit of experiment in English language writing in the Philippines. An able to the meet writers the over word or rather than commonwealth literature. Such as a seductive environment it the almost persuaded.
Many of the delegate willing the freely of admit that term was commonwealth literature it is bad one.
The many country was not member of participate in the commonwealth literature is Africa and Pakistan for instance but authors apparently belong to it’s the literature.
The never to do include the English literature it the great living itself.
The commonwealth literature conference talked with the listened to the Australian poet Randolph stow.
The Australian poet Randolph stow; The west Indian , Wilson Harris ; Nagugi wa thingo’s from Kenya ; Anita desai fro Herk.
Difference were so much more significant than our similarities,That it was impossible to say what ‘commanwealth literature’ – the idea which had ,after all made possible our assmbly – might conceiveably mean. Van herk spoke eloquently about the problem of drawing imaginative maps of the great flights of metaphysical lyricism and high abstraction; Anita desai spoke in whispers her novel the novel of sensibility and I wondred what on earth she could be held to have in comman with committed Marxist Ngugi an overtly political writer rejection of English languge by reading his own work in swhili with
For yet others, matters are not that simple. There are those who argue that the very notion of Commonwealth Literature is in it self condescending, narrow and misleading (see, for example, Tiffin in her "Commonwealth Literature: Comparison and Judgement").
And for some the designation is dépassé, something of an anachronism. In a study commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat and entitled Learning from
Each Other: Commonwealth Studies in the 21st Century, the authors are not concerned with whether Commonwealth Literature exists or not.
Rather, for them, the issue is how to broaden the concept to embrace literatures in indigenous languages. In the section entitled "Intellectual trends in Commonwealth Studies," the authors ask, "How can the study of Commonwealth literature more fully embrace literatures in languages other than English, and reflect the increasingly complex varieties of English used?" . In my view, the question would make sense in terms of examining the varieties of English used, the attempt at nativization etc.
It would be inappropriate, however, to think of calling the literature in the indigenous languages Commonwealth Literature especially as some of these literatures pre-date the historical situations that brought about what is today known as the Commonwealth. It appears to me that it would be more appropriate to call Sanskrit, Igbo, Yoruba, Hindi: Khosa, Kikuyu, Hausa, Maori, and Zulu literatures by their names rather than by the designation of Commonwealth Literature. Perhaps if these works are translated into English, then they could fit into this category as in the case with Ngugi wa Thiongo's works rendered from Gikuyu into English.
Nor can, say, Wolof literature be considered francophone literature. The authors were, of course, aware of the fact that many scholars were not comfortable with the designation. They note that this is "particularly in the field of literature" where some scholars "shy away from the term 'commonwealth' and prefer to use such terms as postcolonial" .
They note that the very concept of "commonwealth" derives from "egalitarian principles of popular sovereignty, rights and freedoms. Commonwealth studies potentially offer democratic and all-inclusive forms of social analysis, pointing to reconstructed societies and to communities beyond colonialism" . They add, rather problematically, that the term "post-colonial is far more constrained than 'commonwealth' even though the former may in theory (but frequently does not in practice) encompass a wider field geographically" .
For Salman Rushdie, however, the problem is ofWhile Rushdie echoes Achebe's Things Fall Apart here, there is also a reverse movement from the periphery to the centre. If for Rushdie the term is "narrow" and "segregationist," for Michael Gorra, it can only be used in the past tense. In his After Empire: Scott, Naipaul, Rushdie Gorra states that "the first books of what we then called 'commonwealth' literature often opposed
British novels to works from India or Africa -- E.M. Forster -- R.K. Narayan, Joyce Cary -- Chinua Achebe" . This is the same kind of sentiment that is voiced in Deepika Bahri's essay where she notes that the "cognate terms 'commonwealth' and 'Third World' have all but disappeared as prefixes from Edward O. Ako, "From Commonwealth to Postcolonial Literature"
Comparative Literature and Culture the body of literature now largely designated 'post-colonial,' succumbing, on occasion, to the appellation, 'new literature in English' ... the 'new' differentiates the writing from 'old and established,' while the Anglophonic character of the term gives it continuity and position with the old and established" .
In The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures, Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin reject the term "commonwealth" because, they argue, it rests "purely on the fact of a shared history and the resulting political grouping, while New Literatures in English" is considered Eurocentric and condescending towards the new in comparison with the old even if it de-emphasizes the colonial past" . But if the term commonwealth is considered inappropriate, what are the advantages that postcolonial has or seems to have? In fact, why has it gained currency? If the term "commonwealth" is mired in controversy, the term postcolonial has not fared any better, even if it now seems to have carved a niche for itself, especially, although not exclusively, in the Western academy (on the designation of postcolonial, see, for example, Appiah; Mishra and Hodge; Mccallum; McClintock; Shohat; Bahri notes that the compound word first appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1959 as did the unhyphenated word in the American Heritage Dictionary .
Conclude.
America not be excluded from the category of postcolonial nations, argues that "postcolonial" should not be used as a merit badge; the adjective implies nothing about a postcolonial country's behaviour
A country can be postcolonial and colonizing at the same time.... As time passes, and we keep reading Fanon, perhaps the similarities between American countries in their postcolonial phases and African and Asian countries in theirs will come to seem at least as important as their differences.
