My assighment topic is The old man and the sea theme.

Name : gohel Daya b
 Roll no : 3
 Sem : 3
 Topic: The old man and the sea theme
 Paper no :(10) American literature.
 Email id : dayagohil47@gmail.com
 Enrolment no: 14101014
Submitted to : department of English.
 Introduction.
 Acquaintance of The Old Man and The Sea.
 Ernest Hemingway About Novel
 Author: Ernest Hemingway
 Year Of Publication: 1952
Type of Work: Novel
Age: The making of American Literature Themes of Novella
Pride
 Friendship
Defeat and Death
Respect and Reputation
Hunger
Perseverance
 Isolation
 The Man and the Natural world. Other
 Themes:
  Manhood
 Heroism
 Solidarity
 Love
Feeling and Guilt
 From the very first paragraph, Santiago is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish—he will soon pass his own record of eighty-seven days. Almost as a reminder of Santiago’s struggle, the sail of his skiff resembles “the flag of permanent defeat.” But the old man refuses defeat at every turn: he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin, tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight, and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey, even though he knows the battle is useless. Hemingway spends a good deal of time drawing connections between Santiago and his natural environment: the fish, birds, and stars are all his brothers or friends, he has the heart of a turtle, eats turtle eggs for strength, drinks shark liver oil for health, etc. Also, apparently contradictory elements are repeatedly shown as aspects of one unified whole: the sea is both kind and cruel, feminine and masculine; the Portuguese man of war is beautiful but deadly; the mako shark is noble but cruel. The novella's premise of unity helps succor Santiago in the midst of his great tragedy. For Santiago, success and failure are two equal facets of the same existence. They are transitory forms which capriciously arrive and depart without affecting the underlying unity between himself and nature. Triumph over crushing adversity is the heart of heroism, and in order for Santiago the fisherman to be a heroic emblem for humankind, his tribulations must be monumental. Triumph, though, is never final, as Santiago's successful slaying of the marlin shows, else there would be no reason to include the final 30 pages of the book. Hemingway vision of heroism is Sisyphean, requiring continuous labor for essentially ephemeral ends. What the hero does is to face adversity with dignity and grace, hence Hemingway's Neo-Stoic emphasis on self-control and the other facets of his idea of manhood..
 Manhood Hemingway's ideal of manhood is nearly inseparable from the ideal of heroism discussed above. The representation of femininity, the sea, is characterized expressly by its caprice and lack of self-control; "if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them" The representation of masculinity, the marlin, is described as "great," "beautiful," "calm," and "noble," and Santiago steels himself against his pain by telling himself to "suffer like a man. Or a fish," referring to the marlin . In Hemingway's ethical universe, Santiago shows us not only how to live life heroically but in a way befitting a man.
 Pride Hemingway's treatment of pride in the novella is ambivalent. A heroic man like Santiago should have pride in his actions, and as Santiago shows us, "humility was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride" While he loved the marlin and called him brother, Santiago admits to killing it for pride, his blood stirred by battle with such a noble and worthy antagonist. Some have interpreted the loss of the marlin as the price Santiago had to pay for his pride in traveling out so far in search of such a catch. Contrarily, one could argue that this pride was beneficial as it allowed Santiago an edifying challenge worthy of his heroism. Success Hemingway draws a distinction between two different types of success: outer, material success and inner, spiritual success. While Santiago clearly lacks the former, the import of this lack is eclipsed by his possession of the latter. Worthiness Being heroic and manly are not merely qualities of character which one possesses or does not. One must constantly demonstrate one's heroism and manliness through actions conducted . He had to prove himself to the boy: "the thousand times he had proved it mean nothing. Now he was proving it again. Each time was a new time and he never thought about the past when he was doing it" Santiago as Christ Manolin has an almost religious devotion to Santiago, underscored when Manolin begs Santiago's pardon for his not fishing with the old man anymore. Manolin says, . He hasn't much faith" . Manolin's father forced his son to switch to a more successful boat after 40 days had passed without a catch for Santiago; this is the amount of time Jesus wandered in the desert, tempted by Satan. The Undefeated The Old Man And The Sea: Summary • We’d also like to note that the Old man has a name Santiago, as does the young boy Manolin, but the text always refers to them as “The Old Man” and “The Boy”.
 This Old man goes to sleep dreaming of the lions he used to see back in the day in Africa.
 He wakes sunrise and does what fishermen do get in his boat and head out to fish.
 Not too long after that, the Old man hooks a really, really, ridiculously big fish. A Marlin to be more exact.
 An earth-shattering struggle of mythical proportion follows. The Old man goes to sleep and dreams of the same lions of his youth- we like to imagine it’s something similar to The Lion King. The Old Man And The Sea How it all Goes Down
 The story begins, as you might expect, with an old man.
 He is a fisherman who has not caught a fish in 84 days.
 He is also not eating very much. The two factors are related
 We also meet a boy who is dear friends with the old man.
The Old Man taught him to fish when he was young, and the boy brings the Old Man food. Symbols in the novella
The Lion: Youth, freedom, strength
The Marlin: Strength and durability, putting up such struggle. 18 feet long.
 The Sea: universe and Santiago's isolation in the universe. Challenge and endless “NATURE”. •
 The Old man: represent the colour of Sea, Old man, wrinkled skin, level of suffering by comic process.
 Menolin
 Menolin: symbol of Hope, the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
 Joe Dimaggio: Santiago see Joe Dimaggio as an equal heroic character, Indomitable will of the human spirit.
 Other symbol : The Skiff, The Mast, The Harpoon, Some point about mirror &contrast :
 “A mirror or contrast image of Hemingway’s biography.”
 “Everyday is new day”
 “Hope” is chief thing.
 “Struggle is ultimately Futile” (contrast)
 Pride & ambition v/s fate & chance.
 Hemingway’s description towards nature:Life giver & life taker. Existentialism in the Novel
 Is a philosophy which stresses the importance of human experience, and says that everyone is responsible for the result of their own action. Hemingway is existentially empty and directionless without family and without destention.